《天然》（20260326出版）一周论文导读—旧事—科学网
| 《天然》（20260326出版）一周论文导读 |
编译|未玖
Nature,出版 26 March 2026, Volume 651, Issue 8107
《天然》 ，2026年3月26日 ，周论第651卷，文导8107期
地舆学Astronomy
A fast starburst wind consumes most of the energy from supernovae
疾速星暴风破钞了超新星释放出的除夜部分能量
▲ 作者 ：XRISM Collaboration
▲链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10231-1
▲摘要 ：
星爆星系但凡会存在多相、星系局限的事科风，这些风被认为可以经由过程破坏星际气体云的学网编制来丰富环星系介质并限制后续恒星构成 。
这些星系风次要由超新星驱动，出版但如今尚不了然超新星能量若何构成有序气流 。周论
研究组独霸X射线成像与光谱卫星中的文导“分析”光谱仪来证实 ，处于星暴星系M82中心的读旧低温（T=2×107K）气体正在疾速挪动 ，其视野速度弥散为
这与由热压感染产生发火的炽热中心星系风齐截
。研究组注解 ，学网逍遥风模型可以切确再现测量的出版温度值 ，但低估了速度。周论从星核推算出的文导质量和能量外流速度约为7 M⊙ yr-1和4×1042 erg s-1 ，这注清除夜部分超新星能量可经由过程热化过程释放 。
这些外流速度所供给的能量足以驱动超出30 M⊙ yr-1的低温流出 ，并且还能向星际介质保送多达3 M⊙ yr -1的物质。这注解热气体压力足以驱动多相星系风 ，而无需出格的宇宙射线支撑 。研究组还创作创造，核区气体的温度和速度都高于在更除夜标准上所不美不美不雅察到的等离子体——
这注解后者有着不合的劈脸 。
▲ Abstract ：
Starburst galaxies often host multiphase, galaxy-scale winds thought to enrich the circumgalactic medium and limit further star formation by disrupting interstellar gas clouds. These winds are primarily powered by supernovae, but it remains unclear how supernova energy forms an organized flow. Here we use the Resolve spectrometer on the X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission to show that the hot (T = 2 × 107K gas in the nucleus of the starburst galaxy M82 is moving quickly, with a line-of-sight velocity dispersion.
This is consistent with a hot, nuclear wind generated by thermal pressure. We show that a free-wind model reproduces the measured temperature but underpredicts the velocity. The inferred mass and energy outflow rates from the nucleus, about 7 M⊙ yr-1 and 4 × 1042 erg s-1, require that most supernova energy is thermalized. These outflow rates provide enough energy to power the 30 M⊙ yr-1cool outflow and still transport up to 3 M⊙ yr-1 to the intergalactic medium, suggesting that thermal gas pressure is sufficient to power the multiphase wind without additional support from cosmic rays. We also show that the nuclear gas is hotter and faster than the plasma seen on larger scales,
suggesting a distinct origin for the latter.
人工智能Artificial Intelligence
Towards end-to-end automation of AI research
迈向人工智能研究的端到端主动化
▲ 作者：Chris Lu, Cong Lu, Robert Tjarko Lange, Yutaro Yamada, Shengran Hu, Jakob Foerster, et al.
▲链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10265-5
▲摘要：
科研主动化是人工智能（AI）研究局限的一项经久方针 。当然学界在将科研流程的各个环节主动化方面掉落踪掉落踪了较着盼看 ，但可以自立完成从想象到宣布全周期研谈论文的琐细却仍未完成 。
研究组展示了一个可以将全数科研流程端到端完成主动化的流程框架 ，推出了“AI科学家”这一琐细 。它可以创作创作创造研究思路 、编写代码 、举办考验考验 、绘制图表并分化数据 、撰写无缺科研论文 ，并举办自我同业评审 。
其研究思路 、奉行编制和展示终局都抵达标准 ，甚至于由该AI琐细生成的稿件成功经由过程了某***机械进修会议会议研究会的第一轮同业评审 。该研究会的录用率为70% 。
该琐细将现代根本模型融进到一个宏壮的智能体架构中。研究组对“AI科学家”举办了两种气候下的评价 ：一种是采取人类供给的代码模板作为初始框架 ，以展开特定主题研究的的聚焦编制；此外一种是独霸智能体搜刮来举办更普及科学试探的无模板 、开放端编制 。
这两种编制都能产生发火多样化的思路 ，并主动对其举办测试 、陈述和评价 。这一下场注解了AI做出科学供献的身手不竭加强 ，并预示着科研范式大年夜大年夜约产生发火的重除夜改削 。
与任何具有重除夜影响的新技能一样 ，该琐细也大年夜大年夜约存在一些次要风险 ，比如给不堪重负的评审琐细带来担当 ，和给科学文献添加混乱要素 。可是 ，假定能担当任地斥地 ，这类自立琐细可以极除夜地加快科学创作创造过程。
▲ Abstract ：
The automation of science is a long-standing ambition in artificial intelligence (AI) research. Although the community has made substantial progress in automating individual components of the scientific process, a system that autonomously navigates the entire research life cycle—from conception to publication—has remained out of reach. Here we present a pipeline for automating the entire scientific process end to end. We present The AI Scientist, which creates research ideas, writes code, runs experiments, plots and analyses data, writes the entire scientific manuscript, and performs its own peer review. Its ideas, execution and presentation are of sufficient quality that the manuscript generated by this AI system passed the first round of peer review for a workshop of a top-tier machine learning conference. The workshop had an acceptance rate of 70%. Our system leverages modern foundation models within a complex agentic system. We evaluate The AI Scientist in two settings: a focused mode using human-provided code templates as an initial scaffold for conducting research on a specific topic and a template-free, open-ended mode that leverages agentic search for wider scientific exploration. Both settings produce diverse ideas and automatically test, report on and evaluate them. This achievement demonstrates the growing capacity of AI for *** scientific contributions and signifies a potential paradigm shift in how research is conducted. As with any impactful new technology, there could be important risks, including taxing overwhelmed review systems and adding noise to the scientific literature. However, if developed responsibly, such autonomous systems could greatly accelerate scientific discovery.
物理学Physics
Magnetic resonance control of spin-correlated radical pair dynamics in vivo
体内磁共振调控自旋相干逍遥基对动力学
▲ 作者 ：Shaun C. Burd, Nahal Bagheri, Alec F. Condon, Maria Ingaramo, Samsuzzoha Mondal, Dara P. Dowlatshahi, et al.
▲链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10282-4
▲摘要 ：
磁场可以影响那些触及自旋相干逍遥基对（SCRPs）的回响。这为静态磁场和时变磁场能在生物分子层面影响生物体供给了一种机制 。
可是 ，还没有有研究证实 ，工程化的SCRP琐细可对多细胞生物体的非天然生化过程具有磁敏感性 。
研究组展示了在活体转基因植物中独霸磁共振调控SCRP动力学 。下场创作创造 ，在存在黄素辅因子的气候下 ，各类白色荧光蛋白（RFP）的发光气候可经由过程在电子自旋共振频率邻近施加静态磁场和射频磁场的编制举办调控 。
这一效应在室温前提下经由过程体外考验考验和转基因娟秀隐杆线虫（经由基因更始以表达RFP-mScarlet）体内考验考验均掉落踪掉落踪了证实。
这些不美不美不雅察下场注解 ，在RFP-黄素琐细中所测量到的磁场效应由相干时分除夜于4纳秒的量子联络相干逍遥基对激起 。
该考验考验证实 ，射频磁场可以影响体内触及SCRPs的回响动力学 ，这有看为长途调控生物分子过程（如基因表达）供给新编制，并揭穿了量子对象在生物学局限具有更普及的独霸潜力 。
▲ Abstract：
Magnetic fields can influence reactions involving spin-correlated radical pairs (SCRPs). This provides a mechanism by which both static and time-varying magnetic fields can affect living systems at the biomolecular level. However, an engineered SCRP system conferring magnetic sensitivity to a non-native biochemical process in a multicellular organism has not yet been demonstrated. Here we demonstrate control of SCRP dynamics using magnetic resonance in a live transgenic animal. We show that the emission of various red fluorescent proteins (RFPs), in the presence of a flavin cofactor, can be modified by a combination of static and radiofrequency magnetic fields applied near the electron spin resonance frequency. This effect was measured at room temperature both in vitro and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, genetically modified to express the RFP mScarlet. These observations suggest that the magnetic field effects measured in RFP-flavin systems are due to quantum-correlated radical pairs with a coherence time larger than 4 ns. Our experiments demonstrate that radiofrequency magnetic fields can influence dynamics of reactions involving SCRPs in vivo, potentially enabling new methods for remotely controlling biomolecular processes, such as gene expression, and suggest broader potential for quantum tools in biology.
材料科学Materials Science
Pivoting colloidal assemblies exhibit mechanical metamaterial behaviour
集成忆阻器助力减缓钙钛矿太阳能电池反向偏压
▲ 作者 ：Mahdi Mohammadi, Fuxiang Ji, Tristan Sachsenweger, Kazem Meraji, Sharun Parayil Shaji & Wolfgang Tress
▲链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10275-3
▲摘要 ：
钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）的功率转换屈就可与现有技能相媲美 ，加上其多下场性 、低成本和节能建造工艺 ，对将来光伏技能具有宏除夜的潜力 。
可是 ，PSC在过度反向偏压下真实不晃荡，这类气候在理论运转中不成阻拦 ，比如器件部分遮挡或采取PSC串连拆卸，较易招致反向偏压 。
措置这一问题标编制次要集结在对器件架构举办筹划改进 ，以进步击穿电压并加重反向偏压带来的不良影响 。
研究组提出了一种全新的措置筹划 ，可无缺措置反向偏压的问题 。他们提出Memsol这一全新定见 ，将忆阻器与太阳能电池集成为一体 ，既能呵护太阳能电池 ，又能起到旁路元件的感染 。忆阻器经由过程在特定区域聚积出格的金属-尽缘体堆叠来完成 ，并与太阳能电池部分共用钙钛矿材料和电极 。
反向偏压和遮光测试注解 ，Memsol能贯穿连接晃荡外形 ，并会屈就光照和偏压前提在低电阻旁路外形和全屈就太阳能电池运转外形之间主动切换。
研究组预期 ，其在考验考验室中展示的由九个电池单位构成串式筹划的Memsol定见，有看被独霸于除夜局限组件中，从而加快其贸易化过程，且不再需求外接旁路二极管 。
▲ Abstract ：
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with power-conversion efficiencies comparable to established technologies hold huge promise for becoming the future photovoltaic technology, also given their versatility, low-cost and energy-efficient fabrication processes. However, PSCs are not stable under moderate reverse bias, an unavoidable situation under real-world operation, for instance, caused by partial shading of a module or installation with PSCs connected in series. Approaches to address this issue have focused on engineering the device architecture to enhance the breakdown voltage and mitigate the detrimental effects of reverse bias. Here we present a completely different approach that fully solves the reverse-bias issue. With our Memsol, we developed a new concept of a solar cell with an integrated memristor, which protects the solar cell and simultaneously works as a bypass element. The memristor is realized by area-selective deposition of an additional metal–insulator stack and shares the perovskite and electrodes with the solar-cell part. Reverse-bias and shading tests show that the Memsol remains stable and automatically toggles between a low-resistance bypass state and full-efficiency solar-cell operation, dependent on the illumination and bias conditions. We anticipate that our Memsol concept, which we demonstrated on a nine-cell string in the lab, will be implemented in large-scale modules, accelerating their commercialization and potentially *** external bypass diodes unnecessary.
地球科学Earth Science
Moderate global warming does not rule out extreme global climate outcomes
次要全球升温真实不克不及消弭全球极端气候笼统外形的大年夜大年夜约性
▲ 作者：Emanuele Bevacqua, Erich Fischer, Jana Sillmann & Jakob Zscheischler
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10237-9
▲摘要 ：
有效传递全球将来气候笼统的最坏气候料想（以下简称“最坏气候笼统下场”）对风险评价和制订应对全球升温的安妥适应计策相当次要 。
可是 ，如今用于断定空间齐截性气候笼统下场的编制存在局限性 。最糟的全球气候笼统外形但凡是经由过程在高全球升温程度（如比财富化后时代超出超出3℃或4℃）下气候笼统模型料想的平均值来展示 。
研究组注解 ，即便在2℃中等升温气候下，某些区域的全球极端气候笼统外形仍有大年夜大年夜约展示 。
对全球次要粮食产区的干旱气候、人丁鳞集区域的极端降水气候和丛林区域的极端掉火而言 ，在全球升温2℃的气候下 ，全球气候笼统影响驱解缆分的强度大年夜大年夜约会比在升温3℃或4℃时的模型平均料想下场愈加极端。
研究组经由过程在全球关头区域对与特定行业相干的气候笼统影响驱解缆分举办空间平均措置，断定了特定行业 、空间齐截的埋伏高影响和低影响的全球气候笼统下场 ，并得出上述结论 。该编制可便捷独霸于浩瀚局限，助力汲引特定行业的气候笼统风险评价，并为气候笼统政策供给参考按照 。
跟着全球升温切近亲近1.5℃，这些创作创造凸显了灵敏采取减排编制以将升温幅度独霸在2℃以下的紧要性 。因为即便仅升温2℃，也大年夜大年夜约带来严重的下场 。
▲ Abstract：
Effectively communicating worst-case projections of global future climate—hereinafter referred to as worst-case climate outcomes—is essential for risk assessment and developing robust adaptation strategies to global warming. Yet, current approaches for identifying spatially consistent climate outcomes are limited, with worst-case global climates typically communicated via the average of climate model projections at high global warming levels, such as 3 °C or 4 °C above the preindustrial era. Here we show that extreme global climate outcomes may occur even under moderate 2 °C warming for several sectors. For droughts in global key breadbasket regions, precipitation extremes over highly populated areas and fire weather extremes across forests, global climatic impact-drivers at 2 °C of global warming may turn out to be much more extreme than model-averaged projections at 3 °C or 4 °C warming. We derive these results by identifying sector-specific, spatially consistent potential high- and low-impact global climate outcomes through spatially averaging projected sector-relevant climatic impact-drivers across key global regions. Our approach can easily be adapted to a wide range of sectors to support the improvement of sector-specific climate risk assessment and to inform climate policy. As global warming approaches 1.5 °C, these findings underscore the urgency of rapid mitigation to limit warming well below 2 °C, as even a 2 °C world may entail severe impacts.
CO2 subsu***ce mineral storage by its co-injection with recirculating water
二氧化碳与轮回水共注进地下完成碳矿化封存
▲ 作者 ：GEric H. Oelkers, Serguey Arkadakskiy, Zeyad Ahmed, Noushad Kunnummal, Jakub Fedorik, Massimo Marchesi, et al.
▲链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10130-5
▲摘要：
碳捕获与碳封存（CCS）技能有看辅佐各国完成其在《巴黎和谈》中所作出的二氧化碳减排承诺 。
经由过程碳矿化感染在镁铁质和超镁铁质岩石中捕获二氧化碳的身手 ，就是此类CCS技能的一个实例 ，但除夜局限独霸还没有完成。
地壳中的不合地质气候都需求稀少的碳封存筹划。而某些地下区域切实其实存在含盐含水层和契合传统碳储存的聚积圈闭 ，可经由过程在不渗入的盖层之下注进高压 、致密的二氧化碳来完成碳储存；但其他区域大年夜大年夜约窘蹙多么的不渗入盖层 。
在这些区域 ，可经由过程注进水熔化的二氧化碳 ，使其与具有回响性的硅酸盐岩石和矿物质产生发火回响 ，从而构成晃荡碳酸盐矿物的矿化过程来完成碳封存。
除夜局限独霸该工艺面对一个较着挑衅 ，其耗水量大年夜大年夜约比所储存的二氧化碳总质量超出超出20~50倍甚至更多。
研究组报导了一个旨在为沙特西部寻觅碳排放措置筹划的财富局限试点项目 。这个干旱区域有除夜量的点源二氧化碳排放源，比如石油精华精辟厂和海水淡化厂 ，但窘蹙含盐含水层和聚积圈闭 。
研究组创作创造 ，基于地下流体再轮回的二氧化碳注进编制可脱节对内部水源的依托 。研究下场注解 ，在水成本供给无穷区域，独霸碳矿化举办碳封存是可行的 。
▲ Abstract ：
ICarbon capture and storage (CCS) has the potential to help nations meet their Paris Agreement CO2 reduction commitments. The ability to capture CO2within mafic and ultramafic rocks through mineralization of carbon is an example of such a CCS technology, but large-scale deployment has yet to be achieved. Each geologic environment in the Earth’s crust requires a distinct carbon storage solution. Whereas some regions of the subsu***ce contain saline aquifers and sedimentary traps suitable for traditional carbon storage through the injection of high-pressure, dense CO2below impermeable caprocks, other regions may lack caprocks. In these regions, carbon storage is possible through the mineralization of injected water-dissolved CO2forming stable carbonate minerals through its reactions with reactive silicate rocks and minerals. A notable challenge to applying this process at scale is that it can require 20–50 times or more water than the mass of CO2stored. Here we report on an industrial-scale pilot project designed to find a carbon disposal solution for western Saudi Arabia. This arid region has large point-source CO2emitters, including petroleum refining and desalination facilities, but lacks saline aquifers and sedimentary traps. We find that a CO2injection approach based on the recirculation of subsu***ce fluids can eliminate the need for external water. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of carbon mineral storage in regions in which access to water resources may be limited.